MOHD. SHAH Mughal BIDRUR Silver Rupee INDIA -bq147 Bidrur is a RARE Mint, from Modern Karnataka. Start Price INR 4,000.00 Current Price INR 4,000.00 Time Left - Bid Count 0 Buy It Now Price - Reserve Price - Start Time Monday, September 01, 2008 End Time Monday, September 08, 2008 Location Singapore See more about 'MOHD. SHAH Mughal BIDRUR Silver Rupee INDIA -bq147' Description PayPal—eBay's service to make fast, easy, and secure payments for your eBay purchases! INTRODUCTION Mughal coins have fascinated coin collector ,numismatics and  historians alike.these coins are not only a treasure house of hostorical  information but also they are the finest examples of famous Mughal art. under the patronage of the mughal giants like Akbar,Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Mughal coins reached a height of excellence which otherwise was attained by the Gupta monarchs in the fourth and fifth centuries in ancient india. Mostly devoid of pictures,portraits and motifs,Mughal coins  reached the zenith of fine workmanshipin the form ofbeautiful calligraphy.these coins were inscribed in a Persian script known as Nastaliq. this form of writing literally means,hanging,as if the Persian letters were  hanging from top. Mughal coins were issued in three metals,gold silver and copper. gold coins are known as Mohur,silver are known as rupee whereas copper  unit is called Dam.Silver coins are mostly sought after by coin collectors  as they have the maximum number of numismatic varieties.these silver  rupees are easily available ecxept for a few rare mints which otherwise are difficult to acquire.As a result,this guide is concentrated mostly on the  silver Mughal coins. the Mughal coins are being collected through out the world for a  number of reasons.the first and foremost is the beautiful calligraphy and the  ornamentation .the fine calligraphy and the floral backround on the coins of Jahangir are worth observing.similarly gold coins of Mehrabi,Ram-Sita and Ilahi type coins of Akbar equate with best numismatic specimensof the world. another feature of the mughal coins is the couplets.These small prices of an Emperor sometimes equate him with the second  Lord Of Conjunctions,or  with the Monarch Of The Sea and Land ,or he is styled as a Defender of the Faith.Apart from couplets and ornamentation,the Mughal coins are a  treasure house of historical information by way of date,regnal year and the mint place of a coin.All these reconstruct local as well as political history of a  region. Rise of the Mughals In 1505,Zahir -ud -din Babur,after being driven out of transoxina, settled in Afghanistan.Later in 1526 at the famous battle of Panipet, he defeated Ibrahim Lodi,the Sultan of Delhi and founded the Great Mughal Empire in India.His son Humayun,howeve,lost the kingdom to Sher Shah Suri  in 1542.In 1555,he regained his lost empire.however,he could not enjoy the fruits of his success and died soon in 1556.His son and succesor,The great  Mughal emperor Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar,was the real builder of Mughal  Empire in the indian subcontinent.During his long and eventful reign of 50  years,Akbar extended his empire in the provinces of north and central india. his conquests over the western india and the Deccan carried boundaries of his empire to those parts of India.His successors,Jahangir,Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb further extended the empire by frequent conquests.During the  regins of Akbar through Shah Jahan ,India reached at the zenith of art, culture and architecture. Aurangzeb was the last Imperial Mughal Emperor who nurtured the Mughal Empire.His frequent conquests in all the directions of his empire widened the Mughal boundaries and nearly covered the whole of Penisular India.However,by the death of Aurangzeb in 1707,his empire started  crumbling under its own weight.Gradually,the empire started  disintegrating and local chiefs proclaimed independence and later became the authors of princely states.These states started issuing their own coins in the name and style of the Mughal monarchs.Such coins can be identified by the mint names and mit marks. After Aurangzeb,his successors were confined to a smaller area of rule and devoted more of their time to pleasure of life than administation.As a result ,the British took advantage and took a total control of India.Once they were sure of their firm position,The British,in 1858,dethroned Bahadur Shah Zafar,the last Mughal emperor and by that the line of the great Mughals came  to an end. Dating The Mughal coins employed a four -degit Hejira era with one or  two -digit regnal tear.Obverse of a coin represents the year of issue of a coin whereas the latter on the reverse corresponds to the regnal(julus)year of the  emperor.Many a times ,The Hejira year and the regnal year didi not  correspond.As a result ,one may come across two regnal years in a  calendar year or two calender years in one regnal year. As a general rule,date along with the regnal year was inscribed in Persian numerals.However,the first regnal year of each regin was written  in words as ahd. Word Hejira means 'flight' Prophet Muhammad's flight from Mecca on July 16,AD 622.Unlike christian solar year of 365-1/4 days,a Muslim era  is based on lunyar year of 354 days.A 100 Muslim years are equal to 97 Christian years.The Hejira era is represented as AH(Anno Hejira) To convert a Hejira year into a Christian year,follow these steps: i)     Subtract 3%of the Hejira year from the given year and, ii)     Add 622 to the subtracted date. MUGHAL EMPIRE The Mughal Empire , lasted from the early sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. At its peak, around 1700, it covered most of the Indian subcontinent and parts of what is now Afghanistan. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 100 and 150 million, over a territory of over 3 million square km.[1] After 1720, it declined rapidly. The decline has been variously described as due to wars of succession, agrarian crises fueling local revolts, and the growth of a religious revivalism among the Hindu and Sikh population. The last Emperor, whose rule was restricted to the city of Delhi, was imprisoned and exiled by the British after the War of Independence Rebellion of 1857. The classic period of the Empire starts with the accession of Akbar in 1556 and ends with the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. During this period, the Empire was marked by a strongly centralized administration connecting the different regions of India. All the significant monuments of the Mughals, their most visible legacy, date to this period. Mughal is the Persian word for Mongol and was generally used to refer to Central Asian nomads who claimed descent from the Mongol warriors of Genghis Khan. The foundation for empire was established around 1504 by the Timurid prince Babur, when he took control of Kabul and eastern regions of Khorasan controlling the fertile Sind region and the lower valley of the Indus River. In 1526, he defeated the last of the Delhi Sultans, Ibrahim Shah Lodi, at the First Battle of Panipat. These early military successes of the Mughals in India, carried out by an army much smaller in size than its opponents, have been attributed to their cohesion, mobility, and horse-mounted archers. His son Humayun succeeded him in 1530 but suffered major reversals at the hands of the Pashtun Sher Shah Suri and effectively lost most of the fledgling empire before it could grow beyond a minor regional state. From 1540 onwards, Humayun became a ruler in exile, reaching the Court of Persian Safavid ruler in 1542 while his forces still controlled some fortresses and small regions. But when the Afghans fell into disarray with the death of Sher Shah Suri, Humayun returned with a mixed army, raised more troops and managed to reconquer Delhi in 1555. His son Akbar was an infant when Humayun decided to cross the rough terrain of Makran with his wife, and so was left behind to keep him from the rigors of the long journey. Since he did not go to Persia with his parents, he was eventually transported from the fortress in the Sind where he was born to be raised for a time by his uncle Askari in the rugged country of Afghanistan. There he became an excellent outdoorsman, horseman, hunter and learned the arts of the warrior. After the resurgent Humayan conquered the central plateau about Delhi, he was killed a few months later in an accident, leaving an unsettled realm still involved in war. Akbar (1556 to 1605) succeeded his father on 14 February 1556, while in the midst of a war against Sikandar Shah Suri for the reclamation of the Mughal throne. Hence he was thrust onto the throne and soon recorded his first victory at the age of 13 or 14, and the rump remnant began to grow, then it grew considerably, so that he became called Akbar, as he was a wise ruler, set fair but steep taxes, he investigated the production in a certain area and the inhabitants were taxed accordingly 1/3 of the agricultural produce. He also set up an efficient bureaucracy and was tolerant of religious differences which softened the resistance by the conquered. Jahangir, the son of Mughal Emperor Akbar and Rajput princess Mariam-uz-Zamani, ruled the empire from 1605–1627. In October 1627, Shah Jahan, the son of Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Rajput princess Manmati, succeeded to the throne, where he inherited a vast and rich empire in India; and at mid-century this was perhaps the greatest empire in the world. Shah Jahan commissioned the famous Taj Mahal (1630–1653) in Agra as a tomb for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died giving birth to their 14th child. By 1700 the empire reached its peak with major parts of present day India, except for the North eastern states and small areas in the south and most of Afganistan under its domain, under the leadership of Aurengzeb Alamgir. Aurengzeb was the last of the powerful Mughal kings. He was a pious Muslim and ended all the extravagance and non-Islamic routines of the court. After his death, the Mughal Empire fell apart very quickly. Title            INTRODUCTION        Rare Coins are the hottest new game in the world of high finance. Surveys show that over the last two decades, they've outperformed all other major forms of investment. Stocks and bonds . . . Oil . . . Old master paintings. real estate . . . Diamonds-none of these has done better than rare coins. Yet this amazing investment is still within the reach of almost everyone.      While certainly important, profit is just one reason why millions of people all aroun the world collect coins. The hobby is richy rewarding in other ways, as well.       Pick up an old coin and you're literally holding history in your hand. Coins are mirrors of the civilizations that issued them, and they frequently furnish fascinating in sights into the life and times of those who made them.       They're more than just mirrors, of course: They're tangible mementos of the cultures in which they were produced; in fact, they're among our most important links with some of mankind's greatest, most glorious eras. The temples of ancient Athens have vanished or lie in runis but many lovely coins endure as tangible  reminders of the grandeur that was Greece.        Coins are also tiny works of art. Although they may be only millimeters wide, many are exquisitely beautiful and their owners take great pride in possessing and displaying them.        Coins collecting still hold great appeal for small collectors; it's avidly pursued by multitudes of people-including several million Amercians-in virtually every age group and income bracket. This widespread demand provides a solid base for the coin market, serving as an important underpinning for the price structure. Today, however, rare coins are no longer mere collectibles. In a word, they have become an investment-an investment whose returs can be spectacular. And this has caught the attention of some of the biggest money men in the world.      Some coin prices seem certain to soar to unprecedented heights in years to come.       People save coins for a number of different reasons.Some find them appealing as miniature works of art. Others are intrigued by the rich historical signifance they possess. Many simple enjoy the challenge of pursuing something rare, elusive, and valuable. And, not least of all, many are attracted by the marvelous track recors rare soins have achieved as good investments. Obviously, a great many people collect rare coins for all these different reasons, to a greater or lesser degree. Happy Bidding. If you are from INDIA with score below 5 , pls mail me before placing the bid. Please do not bid my items, if you are not interested in completing the purchase. The shipping would be $4 per one coin. Coins would NOT be combined &  Items would be shipped by airmail registered. Payment would be accepted with PAYPAL, and PAISAPAY. Paisapay is the indian paypal, wholly owned by ebay. You need not to register for the account , with just your credit card you can make the payment easily. Be Confident and all my items are guaranteed to be genuine and pls mail if you have further questions. For more of my items, pls check my stores:- http://stores.ebay.in/All-From-India http://stores.ebay.com/All-From-India Powered by eBay Turbo Lister Place a Bid!