Lot 7 Numismatic Books Coinage of America Medals Coins Start Price USD 79.00 Current Price USD 79.00 Time Left - Bid Count 0 Buy It Now Price - Reserve Price - Start Time Monday, July 07, 2008 End Time Monday, July 14, 2008 Location Toronto, Ontario See more about 'Lot 7 Numismatic Books Coinage of America Medals Coins' Description Please see our page to find more about us. You are bidding on lot of 7 books issued by American Numismatic Society: Good Run of 7 Proceedings of the Coinage of Americas Conference - COAC Volumes 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 - American Numismatic Society NEW Set American Numismatic Society, New York. Good run of 7 books (proceedings) from Conferences of Coinage of Americas. All book, cloth binding, new condition. This lot includes following books: America's Currency, 1789-1866 - COAC Proceedings No. 2 edited by William E. Metcalf Canada's Money - COAC Proceedings No. 8 Edited by John M. Kleeberg America's Silver Dollars - COAC Proceedings No. 9 Edited by John M. Kleeberg The Token: America's Other Money COAC Proceedings No. 10 edited by Richard G. Doty Coinage of the American Confederation Period - COAC Proceedings No. 11 Edited by Phillip L. Mossman The Medal in America Volume 2 - COAC Proceedings No. 13 Edited by Alan M. Stahl Circulating Counterfeits of the Americas - COAC Proceedings No. 14 edited by John M. Kleeberg Winning bidder to make the payment by PayPal or International money order. Checks drawn on Canadian and US banks are accepted but subject to clear up to 7 business days. Please add US $20.00 for S/H for US and Canadian addresses (very heavy set). International shipping will be US 45.00 by air mail. For detailed description of every single volume please see below:   ******************************************************* America's Currency, 1789-1866 - COAC Proceedings No. 2 edited by William E. Metcalf The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1986. 142 pages, many b/w plates. Green cloth, NEW copy. A record of the Coinage of the Americas Conference (COAC) held in 1985. Contents: The Confederate Currency Reform of 1862, The CSA Banking Convention of 1861 and its Delegates, An Historian's View of the State Bank Notes, Collecting Trends in Obsolete American Currency, An Introduction to Obsoloete American Currency, The Financial Concerns of a Government Employee in the 1840s, The History of Development of 'America' as Symbolized by an American Indian Female, The Smillie Family: Banknote Artists, New York City Small Change Bills of 1814-1816, Currency in Crisis: America's Money 1840-1845, and Lynchburg (VA) City Paper Money of 1862. America's Currency, 1789-1866. Coinage of the Americas Conference Proceedings No. 2. (New York, The American Numismatic Society 1986) illus. ISBN 0-89722-213-K. BALL, DOUGLAS B. The Confederate Currency Reform of 1862. The author details the response of the Confederate Treasury Department to the currency crisis of mid-1862 reflecting the lack of competent security printers, shortage of paper and ink, and problems with counterfeiting. CARLSON, CARL W.A. The SCA Banking Convention of 1861 and its Delegates. The author describes the purpose, deliberations and resolutions of the convention called shortly after secession to assure circulation of the CSA Treasury notes. Altogether 51 banks from 7 states were represented at two meetings - Atlanta in June and Richmond in July. Particular note is made of the effect on the Confederacy of Louisiana's refusal to suspend specie payments and accept currency instead. Appended is a list of the delegates to the Richmond convention. CLAIN-STEFANELLI, ELVIRA. An Historian's View of the State Bank Notes: A Mirror of Life in the Early Republic. The author examines a large variety of note vignettes as contemporary historical documents for such subjects as early settlers and historical scenes; the ethnic environment - the Indian and the Black; family life; farming; transportation - trains, ships, bridges, canals; occupations; city views; buildings; monuments; as well as portraits, and allegorical and mythological scenes. CRISWELL, GROVER C. Collecting Trends in Obsolete American Currency. The author traces the history of collecting trends in obsoletes with emphasis on the role of publications in expanding interest in the series and offers several suggestions for developing specialized collections. DURAND, ROGER H. An Introduction to Obsolete American Currency. The author provides a summary overview of private bank notes including explanations of the engraving process, the various denominations and reasons for the great variety of vignette subjects, as well as examples of counterfeiting. GILLILLAND, CORY. The Financial Concerns of a Government Employee in the 1840s. The work is based on the papers of Lewis Machen, principal clerk of the United States Senate during the first half of the 19th century. The focus is on prices during the 1840s. The author investigates the income, expenses, liabilities, and financial transactions of a salaried government employee and his family during the period of experimental banking in the United States. HESSLER, GENE. The History and Development of 'America' as Symbolized by an American Indian Female. The iconographic image of America, formulated by Europeans, is traced as it appears on paintings, engravings, drawings, and objets d'art from the 16th to the 19th centuries. Paul Revere, and many American artists who followed, continued to use the female American Indian as America's representative beyond 1782 when the bald eagle became the official symbol. Considering the preceding, decorative devices used on money from around the world, it was only logical that the Indian Princess was selected to adorn bank notes of the United States, both federal and obsolete private and state issues. JACKSON, GLENN E. The Smillie Family: Banknote Artists. The author traces the career of James Smillie who emigrated from Scotland to Canada in 1821. It describes his beginning as an engraver eventually moving his family from Toronto to New York because of the increased demand for engravers' services. Several examples of his work are illustrated showing how his signature was omitted from many vignettes in the process of printing. J.D. Smillie, one of his sons, overcame this by including his initials or name in the design of the vignette. NEWMAN, ERIC P. New York City Small Change Bills of 1814-1816. The economic problems in New York City caused by the War of 1812 resulted in the emission by the Corporation of the City of New York of small change paper money as a substitute for small coin. The printing of the issue, its authorization, signing, uses, redemption, misappropriation, unconstitutionality, frauds, errors and counterfeiting are described. Its relationship to other public and private issues is outlined. The money of account used in New York at the time of its issuance is shown to be determinative of its denominations. The 1863 reprints are also discussed. VLACK, ROBERT. Currency in Crisis: America's Money, 1840-1845. Following a brief history of the Bank of the United States prior to Jackson's election, the author details the personal struggle between President Jackson and Nicholas Biddle, President of the Bank of the U.S. from 1823, for control of the bank, with the resultant banking panic and depression of the mid-1830s. The currency of the period is assayed as a reflection of the contemporary economic turbulence and political in-fighting. WILLIAMSON, RAYMOND H. Lynchburg (VA) City Paper Money of 1862. By 1862 the Civil War had produced widespread hoarding of hard money in the Confederacy, so that small notes (under $1) were much needed for making change. The history of such notes issued by the city of Lynchburg is reviewed as typical of what transpired in many other cities and counties of the South. A landmark court case settled in 1871 finalized the demonetization of these notes. While four of the eight denominations (15, 30, 60, 90 cents) now seem capricious, they are probably traceable to the same denominations in Virginia colonial pence of the Revolutionary War period. ******************************************************* Canada's Money - COAC Proceedings No. 8 Edited by John M. Kleeberg The American Numismatic Society, 1994. 159 pages, many b/w plates. Blue cloth, NEW copy. A record of the Coinage of the Americas Conference held in 1992. Contents: An American Collector's Guide to the Coins of Nouvelle France, Boulton, Watt and the Canadian Adventure, The Magdalen Island Token, The Powell and the Sutherland Golden Wedding Commemoratives, The So-Called English Issues of the Bank of Montreal, Medallic Memorials of the Visit of the Prince of Wales to North America in 1860, and Patterns and Trial Pieces of Canada. Canada's money provided the subject for the eighth annual Coinage of the Americas Conference sponsored by the American Numismatic Society. Since its inception, this program has enjoyed the enthusiastic support of the Society's governing Council as a forum for the dissemination of emerging research in the coinage and currency of North and South America. Canada's Money November 7, 1992 Canada's Money. John M. Kleeberg, Editor Coinage of the Americas Conference Proceedings No. 8 (New York, The American Numismatic Society 1994) illus. ISBN 0-89722-252-0. Preface Canada's money provided the subject for the eighth annual Coinage of the Americas Conference sponsored by the American Numismatic Society. Since its inception, this program has enjoyed the enthusiastic support of the Society's governing Council as a forum for the dissemination of emerging research in the coinage and currency of North and South America. The purpose of these conferences is to facilitate the exchange of information. Toward this end, experts in the field are invited to present papers, collectors are invited to exhibit, and notice of the conference is circulated widely to encourage attendance by all interested in the topic. The Society also mounts an exhibition from its holdings and invites registrants to come to know the Society's collections and library better during the days of the conference. A special exhibit of Canadian money was organized by Anthony Terranova with the assistance of modern curator Dr. John Kleeberg and registrar Katharina Eldada. This exhibit showed selections from the collections of Joseph Lasser, Anthony Terranova, George Cuhaj, and Normand Pepin, plus examples from the collection of the ANS. A special exhibit on the Canada 125 Coin Program was provided through the courtesy of the Royal Canadian Mint. HODDER, MICHAEL. An American Collector's Guide to the Coins of Nouvelle France. A brief historiographical review and a type catalogue of French colonial coins. DOTY, RICHARD G. Boulton, Watt and the Canadian Adventure. Examines the connection between Boulton, Watt & Co. (Soho, Birmingham, England) between the 1790s and the mid-1840s, in light of the larger links to the United States during most of the same period. The connection only became important once the firm's forty-year trade with the United States Mint came to a close, in 1837. KATEN, FRANK and TAYMAN, BARRY. The Magdalen Island Token. A brief history of the "penny" token struck privately by the Coffin family who owned this island in the gulf of the St. Lawrence River; includes a graded listing of all important sales. BAKER, WARREN. The Powell and Sutherland Golden Wedding Commemoratives. A comprehensive examination of archival records pertaining to two medals commemorating golden wedding anniversaries; in one case the male spouse was an eminent jurist, in the other he was an investor in the Northwest Company (a rival of the Hudson's Bay company in the fur trade). ESLER, J. GRAHAM. The So-Called English Issues of the Bank of Montreal. This article examines the position of the Bank of Montreal during the decade before Confederation, the conditions which led to the issuing of the so-called English Issues, and finally the notes themselves, focusing on the paper money issues of 1852 and 1856. MILLER, SCOTT. Medallic Memorials of the Visit of the Prince of Wales to North America in 1860. A brief history of the visit by the Prince of Wales to North America in 1860 is presented, accompanied by a catalogue of medals and tokens issued in connection with the royal tour. KASLOVE, HILLEL. Patterns and Trial Pieces of Canada. A comprehensive listing of all Canadian pattern and trial pieces including several previously unpublished. An appendix contains a concordance of Charlton, Bowman and McLachlan numbers as well as a corrected list of specimens in the National Currency Collection, Bank of Canada. ******************************************************* America's Silver Dollars - COAC Proceedings No. 9 Edited by John M. Kleeberg The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1995. 127 pages, many b/w plates. Blue cloth, NEW. A record of the Coinage of the Americas Conference (COAC) held in 1993. Contents: The Dollar $ign: Its Written and Printed Origin, The Early United States Silver Dollars, 1795 United States Silver Dollar with Official Plug, Countermarked and Overstruck Early U.S. Dollars, The Development of the 1878 Morgan Silver Dollars, The Silver Dollar as an Element of International Trade: A study in Failure, and several appendixes. America's Silver Dollars. John M. Kleeberg, ed. Coinage of the Americas Conference Proceedings No. 9 (New York, The American Numismatic Society 1995) illus. ISBN 0-89722-257-1. NEWMAN, ERIC P. The Dollar $ign: Its Written and Printed Origins. British traders and merchants moving into West Florida and Louisiana after the change of ownership in 1764 are shown to have converted the Spanish symbol (pS) for the coined peso into a convenient ligature form beginning about 1768, thus creating the $ sign. The first conventional $ sign in type is traced to 1799 rather than to a 1797 symbol of different makeup. The early uses of the $ sign are illustrated and explained. BRESSETT, KENNETH. 1795 United States Silver Dollar with Official Plug. The author describes a new discovery - the practice of putting a silver plug in the center of U.S. dollars of 1795. Clearly done at the mint, it was evidently accomplished by putting a silver tack through the planchet prior to striking; the author suggests this as a means of bringing underweight planchets up to standard. STARK, ROBERT. Countermarked and Overstruck Early U.S. Dollars. The author, in process of assembling a corpus of countermarks on early U.S. dollars, reviews the practice and provides interesting examples. Several reasons for countermarking are adduced, including advertising and revaluing for local use. Dollars countermarked or overstruck for use in the Caribbean and Latin America are described and illustrated. MALLIS, A. GEORGE. The Development of the 1878 Morgan Silver Dollars. The author who, with Leroy C. Van Allen, compiled the standard reference work on Morgan dollar die varieties (Comprehensive Catalogue and Encyclopedia of Morgan & Peace Dollars, 3rd ed., Virginia Beach 1992), discusses the original design of the Morgan dollar of 1878 and the numerous revisions it underwent. Over 100 die varieties are known for 1878. KLEEBERG, JOHN M. The Silver Dollar as an Element of International Trade: A Study in Failure. The author reviews the evidence for the circulation of the United States silver dollar overseas, including literary evidence, countermarks and overstrikes, and hoards. He discusses why the United States silver dollar did not circulate extensively, and concludes that the small issues of the United States were swamped by the large issues of Mexico. Furthermore, so long as the Mexican silver dollar and the United States silver dollar were legally equal (until 1857), there was no incentive to bring Mexican silver dollars to the U.S. Mint for recoinage; a businessman would have lost interest on his money if he had done so. The only reason to bring silver coins to the mint was if they were mutilated; thus much cut money was recoined. NEWMAN, ERIC P. A Restated Opinion on the Origin of the 1804 Dollar and the 1804 Eagle Proofs. A new reason why the 1804 dollar and 1804 U.S. Eagle were coined in 1834 for presentation sets is presented. It is pointed out that no device punches for either the obverse or reverse of the dollar or Eagle denominations had been made for 30 years and that to match existing 1834 coinage designs it would have taken extensive extra work and much more time to engrave new device punches. Thus it was more convenient to use the old available device punches of a different design to create dies for these desired denominations, even though back-dating the coins was illegal. KLEEBERG, JOHN M. A Pair of Morgan Dollar Dies in the Collection of the American Numismatic Society. The author publishes two cancelled dies for Morgan dollars (1883, Carson City mint). The dies bear numbers on their sides: 17 for the head die, 14 for the eagle die. The author discusses the significance of these numbers in the light of current estimates of the number of dies used to mint the 1883-C dollars, namely ten obverse dies and ten reverse dies. REIVER, JULES. The Early United States Silver Dollars. The author provides an overview of U.S. bust dollars with emphasis on some of the more unusual varieties. From ANS: Introduction In the first decades of the sixteenth century, the Counts of Slik, lords of the fabulously rich mine in St. Joachim's valley in the Ore Mountains on the Saxo-Bohemian border, began to mint a new large size silver coin. It was soon referred to as "the coin from St. Joachim's valley," or the Joachimsthaler - abbreviated to thaler, which later would be anglicized to dollar. When the United States won its independence in 1783, the very successful Mexican version of the dollar, the real de a ocho, was the most common coin in circulation in the colonies. It was natural to choose it as the basis of the monetary system of the colonies. Unfortunately, if the Counts of Slik and the mintmasters of Mexico met with success, the same cannot be said of the United States. The attempts by the United States to produce a dollar coin in silver (and later, in copper-nickel) have repeatedly met with failure. With a role in several financial panics (1857 and 1893/5), and at least seven illicit special productions (1804 dollars, 1866 no motto dollars, 1884 and 1885 trade dollars, 1921 proofs, 1964 dollars), the checkered history of the silver dollar clearly has much interest for specialists in the United States series. It was for this reason that the COAC committee chose U.S. silver dollars as the theme for the 1993 Coinage of the Americas Conference. The first attempts to mint dollars met with delays because the minters could not post the surety bond required. After the amount of the bond was reduced in 1794, the minting of precious metal coins began. The new coins were not a success. Most silver bullion in the early United States was in the form of Mexican eight reales, which remained a legal tender until 1857. There was no incentive for merchants to bring Mexican dollars to the mint to be recoined into United States dollars; not only would they have to pay the cost of the minting, but they would also lose interest on their money while they waited for it to be coined into dollars. One of the few reasons for recoining silver at the mint was brought out by Robert D. Leonard, Jr., when he delivered the Stack Memorial Lecture in April 1994 at the American Numismatic Society: to recoin cut silver coins into a more acceptable form. When silver was recoined into dollars, it was rapidly exported. Three early U.S. dollars are known with private Scottish mercantile countermarks.(They are discussed in more detail in Robert Stark's and my contributions below.) But most U.S. dollars did not stop their journey in Britain. The dollars would be bought up by the East India Company, which would then send them onward to China, where they were used to buy tea. Only the development of the opium trade gradually brought some relief from the relentless silver drain to China. Many early date dollars probably ended up by being melted and cast as sycee ingots. President Thomas Jefferson sought to cut off this silver drain. Just as he sought to isolate the country from the problems of Europe with his quixotic embargo, so he sought to cut down on the export of silver by ending the mintage of the classic trade coins: the dollar and the eagle. Henceforth, the half dollar would be the workhorse coin for bank transactions. The first attempt at an U.S. silver dollar had ended in failure. Although the mint made no silver dollars dated 1804, it continued to coin in that year using 1803 dated dies. In 1838, one of the most famous non-coin coins was created by Mint employees: the 1804 dollar. This artificial rarity proved extremely useful for swapping for rare pieces lacking from the Mint's collection and for supplementing the income of Mint officials. In the 1830s, a new attempt was made at coining silver dollars. Christian Gobrecht produced one of the most attractive silver dollar designs—the flying eagle dollars. Small amounts were minted in 1836-39. From 1840, the Mint began to strike more dollars, but they never circulated extensively, because the rise in gold production made silver more valuable compared to gold. The silver dollars disappeared into hoards. In 1857, the legal tender status of Mexican dollars was revoked. Unfortunately, this was during a silver shortage. Austria, under the brilliant finance minister Freiherr von Bruck, was hoarding silver so it could redeem its paper currency. In India, the outbreak of the Mutiny led to more demands on the silver market. The Taiping rebellion in China was a further drain. By revoking the legal tender status of Mexican dollars, yet another strain was put on the silver market when it could ill afford it. The market would have to rely on gold for specie. On August 24, 1857, the Ohio Life and Trust Company collapsed. On September 12, 1857, the SS Central America was wrecked off Cape Hatteras. The panic was there, and nothing could stop it. It gripped the commercial centers of North America, passed on to Northern Europe, especially Hamburg and Scandinavia, and even affected merchants in Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo and Buenos Aires, Valparaiso and Guayaquil, and far-off Batavia. Most of the major mercantile houses of Hamburg (which relied on the silver standard) collapsed. Only gold standard Bremen remained immune.(1) During the Civil War, silver was hoarded, along with all other hard currency. In 1873, the coinage of silver dollars was quietly ended, and replaced by the trade dollar; but the collapse of silver prices led trade dollars to flood into the United States. In 1878, the Mint ceased to make them for circulation. Instead, the United States embarked upon the monumental folly of the Morgan dollar and the Sherman silver act, which compelled the treasury to buy 187.5 tons of silver a month. As this silver poured into the treasury, the public, nervous about the country's commitment to the gold standard, drained the Treasury of gold. The result was the panic of 1893. The crises of the mid-1890s made it clear that this expensive subsidy to the mining interest could not continue. The issue was put clearly before the public in the election of 1896, and the public rejected the utopian plans of Bryan and went with McKinley and the gold standard. By 1904, the Treasury had used up its stock of silver, and the minting of Morgan dollars came to an end. In 1921, coinage resumed to replace the dollars melted under the Pittman act. Clandestine proofs were also made. In 1921, a new design, the Peace dollar, replaced the Morgan dollar. Mintage of the Peace dollar ended in 1928, but was resumed in 1934 and 1935 to subsidize Western mineowners. In 1964, the Mint again coined silver dollars, but was so embarrassed by the publicity that it recalled and claims to have melted all of them. The most recent attempt to introduce a dollar coin in the United States—the Susan B. Anthony dollar—again met with failure. The government tried to force the Susan B. Anthony coins into circulation by paying armed forces personnel in Germany only in I2 bills and Susan B. Anthony dollars. In December 1980, however, the Deutsche Bank declared that it would henceforth exchange Susan B. Anthony dollars at the rate of only one Deutsche Mark per dollar, at time when paper dollars were trading at 1.75 Deutsche Marks per dollar. This meant that armed forces personnel had undergone a major pay-cut. The U.S. Mint went toe-to-toe with the Deutsche Bank; the outcome was never seriously in doubt. In January 1981, the Treasury had to abandon this experiment, and since then the Susan B. Anthony coins have gathered dust in Treasury vaults, carried on the books at their dollar value rather than their insignificant melt value. The Treasury refuses to take the loss, hoping it will be able to get rid of them somehow.(2) Some of this history is covered in more detail in the following pages, including much that is new. Eric P. Newman resolves one of the most controversial topics, the origin of the dollar sign. His article is particularly welcome, because many false explanations have become part of popular culture. Jules Reiver, who has inspired much research in the history of the early mint, gives a personal overview of the bust dollars. Kenneth Bressett details one of the most exciting new discoveries in the bust dollar series: the silver plug in the dollars of 1795. Professor Robert Stark discusses the various countermarks on early U.S. silver dollars. At one coin club I attended, a member brought in a Morgan dollar with a counterstamp which turned out to be a modern fantasy, although a rather interesting piece nonetheless. One of the fellow members said, "Now you have to VAM it." "dam it?" "Determine the die variety from the work of Van Allen and Mallis." The "M" in this remarkable verb, Lieutenant-Colonel A. George Mallis, surveys the development of the designs of the 1878 Morgan dollar. Finally, I outline the problem of why the silver dollar was never able to make its way in international trade. Two appendices close the volume. Eric P. Newman gives a useful review of what we know about the 1804 dollar. I provide an account of two 1883-CC Morgan dollar dies which are in the collection of the American Numismatic Society. John M. Kleeberg Conference Chairman ******************************************************* The Token: America's Other Money COAC Proceedings No. 10 edited by Richard G. Doty The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1994. 224p, many b/w plates. Brown cloth, NEW copy. Papers drawn from the Coinage of the Americas Conference (COAC) held in 1994. Contents: The History and Die Varieties of the Higley Coppers, The Theatre at New York, Two Coins in One: Large Cents with Interesting Counterstamps, The Promotion and Suppression of Hard Times Tokens, Early Transportation Tokens and Tickets of New York City, A.M. (M.A.) Abrahams and His Tokens, U.S. Civil War Tokens, John Gault and J.C. Ayer: Encased Postage Stamp Maker and his Largest Client, Struck Copies of Early American Tokens, and An Overview of United States Tokens 1700-1900. The Token: America's Other Money Richard G. Doty, ed. Coinage of the Americas Conference Proceedings No. 10 (New York, The American Numismatic Society 1995) illus. ISBN 0-89722-260-1. FREIDUS, DANIEL. The History and Die Varieties of the Higley Coppers. This article summarizes ongoing research on this privately issued copper token, dated 1737-39, attributed to Samuel Higley of Simsbury, Connecticut. The historical overview is based on primary and secondary sources, including letters of Massachusetts Governor Jonathan Belcher, lessee of another copper mine in Simsbury. Evidence suggests that Higley was responsible for locally mining copper, smelting ore, preparing steel dies, and striking these copper tokens. The die study includes a catalogue of die varieties and a census of known specimens. Research discussed also includes elemental analysis using neutron activation analysis. KLEEBERG, JOHN M. The Theatre at New York. The author corrects the recently revived misattribution of the New York Theatre token to the John Street Theatre and explains why the traditional attribution, to the First Park Theatre, is correct. The article discusses and reproduces the iconographic source for the token, the gatefold by Tisdale in Longworth's New York City Directory of 1797. The diesinker of the token is tentatively identified as Benjamin Jacob, and his iconographic methods, as seen on other Conder tokens, discussed. The article also treats other numismatic items associated with the Park Theatre, including the ADMIT and PAID tokens of 1817. BOWERS, Q. DAVID. Two Coins in One: Large Cents with Interesting Counterstamps. This overview of counterstamped U.S. large cents provides an outline of a major study on the subject which the author has long contemplated writing. The nature and variety of counterstamping is discussed; statistical data are offered for the frequency of issue of counterstamped large cents; and various insights are provided regarding the issuers, whose identity is often the result of painstaking study. Three typical research problems are outlined by way of examples. Finally, a gallery of over 40 illustrations is presented with explanatory comments. NEWMAN, ERIC P. The Promotion and Suppression of Hard Times Tokens. The author quotes citations from newspapers and religious news media revealing the first evidence of the 1838 female (HT-81, Low 54) and male (HT-82, Low 54a) anti-slavery tokens, thereby confirming the source and propaganda intention of these tokens. He also cites several examples of advertising for many varieties of satirical copper tokens used during the Panic of 1837 to pass for one cent each, detailed in contemporary newspaper advertising and editorial comment. This is followed by a discussion of the effort of the U.S. government to stop the practice on the ground of illegality. CUHAJ, GEORGE S. Early Transportation Tokens and Tickets of New York City. The author traces the companies employing early horsecar tokens and the additional companies and routes of the time-how they developed in the growing city before the Civil War era, and the massive expansion during the decades of the 1870s into the 1890s. The use and economics of tokens and paper tickets for local travel are discussed. LEONARD, ROBERT D. A.M. (M.A.) Abrahams and His Tokens. The author delineates the life and career of Abraham M. Abrahams, a mid-nineteenth century merchant and entrepreneur whose businesses centered on Independence, MO, and environs. Brass tokens he issued for his outfitting stores exist in two varieties, for The Peoples Outfitting Store in Independence and in Weston. That the obverse reads A.M. Abrahams is attributed to a die sinker's error; likewise the die sinker probably erred in using Weston rather than Westport, MO, now part of Kansas City, MO, where Abrahams owned property and did business. A corpus of the tokens is included. FULD, GEORGE. U. S. Civil War Tokens. The historical background of U.S. Civil War tokens is explored, outlining the changes in currency brought about by the War, the necessity of issuing tokens, and geographical areas of issue. Issuers of tokens, methods of distribution and a brief history of the Scovill Manufacturing Co. are given, together with discussion of the metals employed, with data on determining the metal non-destructively. A comprehensive bibliography of the literature prior to 1970 is also given. HOMREN, WAYNE. John Gault and J.C. Ayer: Encased Postage Stamp Maker and His Largest Client. The author discusses the investion and manufacture of the encased postage stamp by John Gault as a substitute for small change during the U.S. Civil War, and the life of James C. Ayer, a physician who specialized in patent medicines. Realizing the advertising potential of Gault's invention, Ayer became his largest customer. REIVER, JULIUS. Struck Copies of Early American Tokens. The author describes a number of interesting copies of early tokens by Bolen, Betts, and others. Identifying marks indicate that these pieces were not intended to deceive the collector but rather to serve as substitutes for the less accessible genuine token. RULAU, RUSSELL. An Overview of United States Tokens, 1700-1900. The author defines tokens as a class, and distinguishes tokens, medals, and coins. He traces the beginnings of tokens in Spanish America ca. 1550 and in English America about 1714; reviews Hard Times, Civil War and post-Civil War token emissions; and summarizes the current status, healthy in his opinion, of token research in the U.S. ******************************************************* Coinage of the American Confederation Period - COAC Proceedings No. 11 Edited by Phillip L. Mossman The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1996. 346 pages, many b/w plates, illustrated throughout. Brown cloth, NEW. A collection of papers from the Coinage of the Americas Conference at the American Numismatic Society, New York, held in 1995. Contents: The American Confederation: The Times and its Money, The English George III Contemporary Counterfeit Halfpenny: A Statistical Study of Production and Distribution, The Shipwreck of the Faithful Steward: A "Missing Link" in the Export of British and Irish Halfpence, New Thoughts on the Nova Constellatio Private Copper Coinage, Vermont Coppers: Coinage of an Independent Republic, The So-Called Atlee Broken "A" Letter Punch, Coinage During the Confederation: Two Near Misses for Matthew Boulton, Coinage Featuring George Washington, and Medals of the Comitia Americana Series in the Collections of the American Numismatic Society and the Other Public Institutions. Coinage of the American Confederation Period October 28, 1995 Coinage of the Americas Conference, Proceedings No. 11 (New York, The American Numismatic Society 1996) illus. ISBN 0-89722-263-6. Preface Money of the American Confederation Period was the subject of the eleventh Coinage of the Americas Conference, sponsored annually by the American Numismatic Society. Since its inception, this program has enjoyed the enthusiastic support of the Society's governing Council as a forum for the dissemination of emerging research in the coinage and currency of North and South America. The purpose of these conferences is to facilitate the exchange of information. Toward this end, experts in the field are invited to present papers, collectors are invited to exhibit, and notice of the conference is circulated widely to encourage attendance by all who have an interest in the topic. The Society also mounts an exhibition from its holdings and invites registrants travelling to the New York area to come to know the Society's collections and library better during the days surrounding the conference. A number of special exhibits were mounted on the theme of COAC 1995 and remained on view at the Society for several months. Two exhibits featured material from the Society's collection: a survey of U.S. made counterfeit halfpence and a special display of medals of the Confederation period. Individual exhibitors included Daniel Freidus (Vermonts) and Mike Ringo (counterfeits of the period); on display also were important items from the Donald Groves Collection. Content PHILIP L. MOSSMAN (Hamden, ME) Introduction PHILIP L. MOSSMAN The American Confederation: The Times and Its Money In was an unsettled decade following the Revolutionary War for this young country as it attempted to establish its own national identity. Due to a devastating postwar depression, European gold and silver, which had been in circulation since the earliest colonial times, was in short supply. On the contrary, the small change copper medium was enormous, its numbers having been swollen for years by the importation of lightweight counterfeit English halfpence. These counterfeits were so deficient in weight, that several states attempted to remove them from circulation by minting their own fair weight, high quality coppers. This noble scheme proved ineffective and eventually served to introduce more lightweight coppers into commerce which was already overwhelmed by inferior coins. Due to this oversupply of coppers, their circulation virtually ceased during the Coppers Panic of 1789. About 700 varieties of coppers, issued during the years 1785 to 1788, enrich this fascinating and active period of American numismatics. CHARLES W. SMITH (University of Maine, Orono) The English George III Contemporary Counterfeit Halfpenny: A Statistical Study of Production and Distribution This paper addresses three issues fundamental to the English George III contemporary counterfeit halfpenny series: distribution by date, production technologies and 18th century metallurgical practices. The date distribution for the series for the years 1770-1775 is established by analysis of three major collections (over 2000 examples combined) assembled from English numismatic sources and three additional historic coin groups (the Yale Collection, an early 20th century survey and a recent London hoard find). Comparison is made with the date distribution of regal production from Royal Mint records and with a collection, assembled in the United States from sources not directly traceable to English sources. Production technologies are examined using correlation plots of size versus weight and noncircularity versus weight and an in-depth survey of error examples. Comparisons are made to contemporary Royal Mint production technologies. Coin composition and the melting hypothesis are discussed using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. Debasement issues are considered including alloying limitations and contemporary scrap metal prices, in the context of 18th century metallurgical practices. JOHN M. KLEEBERG (American Numismatic Society) The Shipwreck of the Faithful Steward: A "Missing Link" in the Export of British and Irish Halfpence A large proportion of the counterfeit halfpence in circulation in the United States during the Confederation period was imported. The coins from a shipwreck, the Faithful Steward, have washed up on to "Coin Beach" in Rehoboth, Delaware, since the inlet was dredged in 1930. The halfpence are George III British counterfeit halfpence dated 1775. The Faithful Steward was carrying 249 emigrants from Londonderry, Ireland, when it was wrecked off Rehoboth. The author discusses the breakdown of the British/Irish exchange differential for halfpence, and the possibility that counterfeit halfpence were made in Ireland. ERIC P. NEWMAN (St. Louis, MO) New Thoughts on the Nova Constellatio Private Copper Coinage New evidence is presented showing that many tons of the private Nova Constellatio copper coinage was first minted about mid-1785 in Birmingham, England; was shipped to and circulated in America in late 1785; and that it was properly called Nova Constellatio rather than Constellatio Nova. The apparent importer was Constable, Rucker & Co., a partnership consisting of William Constable, Robert Morris, Gouverneur Morris, and John Rucker rather than Gouverneur Morris as heretofore thought. A new genuine Immune Columbia die and a new genuine Nova Constellatio die were discussed. PETE SMITH (Minneapolis, MN) Vermont Coppers: Coinage of an Independent Republic Vermont was an independent republic from 1777 to 1791 and it was under the authority of the Vermont General Assembly that copper coins were struck during 1785-88. A brief history of the republic is given to place the coinage in a proper historical context. The legends and images appearing on the coins are discussed as they relate to the republic. The author contends that the coinage of Vermont deserves a separate classification and should not be referred to as colonial or state coinage as described by previous authors. JOHN LORENZO (Midland Park, NJ) The So-Called Atlee Broken "A" Letter Punch In 1878 Sylvester Crosby called attention to a series of letters on New Jersey, Connecticut, and Vermont state coppers which appeared to have been sunk using the same defective letter punches. These irregularities were identified on certain "As," "Ps," and "Ns" with the natural inference that all the dies, where these telltale letters were present, were probably sunk by the same person. He concluded that James F. Atlee was the most likely artist responsible for these issues. Many persons since Crosby have enlarged on his original premise but this present paper reviews the evidence and refutes that position. The current concept advanced by Peter Gaspar states that die sinkers of the period had the availability of identical punches raised from a common matrix and did not necessarily make their own individual tools. Therefore, many die makers could have had access to the same style of defective punch obtained from a common source. Consequently any punch, defective or whole, cannot be used as a marker to identify any particular mint or craftsman. The writer also shows that the broken "A" letter punch employed in many New Jersey coppers further deteriorated with continued use over time as determined by die emission sequence. Of great significance is that the broken "A" seen on certain Connecticut coppers is of a different style than that found on New Jersey coppers and in any case the two broken "A" punches are not the products of the same defective matrix. There is a systematic description of all state coppers which contain broken letters. It is concluded that punch linking of any sort is only of secondary value in attributing coppers to a specific mint or craftsman and other factors are of more importance in making that determination. RICHARD G. DOTY (Smithsonian Institution) Coinage During the Confederation: Two Near Misses for Matthew Boulton The author examines the careers of two South Carolinians, Charles Borel and John H. Mitchell, and their attempts to secure coining contracts with the State of South Carolina and the national government. Each entrepreneur attempted to enlist the services of Matthew Boulton of England as coiner; each failed, through a combination of poor timing and a growing belief in the necessity of an American mint for American coinage. GEORGE FULD (Owens Mills, MD) Coinage Featuring George Washington Coinage featuring George Washington may be divided into two major groups. Contemporary coinage manufactured on the date indicated range from 1792 to 1796. Non-contemporary coinage with fictitious dates from 1783 to 1793 comprise over half the output. Surprisingly, there are about 157 distinct Washington coinage issues including edge and metal variations. A new numbering system is used to make easy reference to coins in the series. Tables are given to allow east identification of the numerous military bust types. Every type of issue is illustrated and detailed pedigrees on the rarer coins is given. Full background is given for each coin, if information is available. A complete bibliography is given including 11 major citations, 46 auction sales cited, and there are 74 footnotes and detailed references. ALAN M. STAHL (American Numismatic Society) Medals of the Comitia Americana Series in the Collections of the American Numismatic Society and Other Public Institutions A catalogue of 113 specimens of the 14 medals authorized by the United States Congress between 1776 and 1787 to reward prominent figures in the Revolutionary War. Included are photographs of awarded originals in the collections of the Boston Public Library and the New-York Historical Society and of the 11 strikings in silver given to George Washington and now in the Massachusetts Historical Society. All examples in the collection of the American Numismatic Society -- originals, restrikes, and casts -- are described and many are illustrated. ******************************************************* The Medal in America Volume 2 - COAC Proceedings No. 13 Edited by Alan M. Stahl The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1999. 294 pages, many b/w plates, illustrated throughout. Brown cloth, NEW. A record of the Coinage of the Americas Conference (COAC) held in 1997. Contents: The Peace Medals of George III, A Reckoning of Moritz Furst's American Medals, Classifying Masonic Medals, A.A. Weinman, Classic Medalist, The Medallic Work of Emil Fuchs, Charles De Kay and the Circle of Friends of the Medallion, Paul Manship's Medallic Mythology, The Art of Die-Engraving, and Hand Engraving and DIe Sinking. ******************************************************* Circulating Counterfeits of the Americas - COAC Proceedings No. 14 edited by John M. Kleeberg The American Numismatic Society, New York, 2000. 277 pages, b/w illustrations, hardback, red cloth. New copy. Coinage of the Americas Conference at the American Numismatic Society, New York, held in 1998. A collection of seven papers, plus two further papers forming the appendices, from the Fourteenth Coinage of the Americas Conference held in 1998. The contributors focus on counterfeits, a relatively neglected field of study in numismatics, in the 18th and 19th centuries. For Table of Contents please see bellow: Contents: Preface Contributors JOHN M. KLEEBERG Introduction PHILIP L. MOSSMAN and CHARLES W. SMITH Imported and Domestic Counterfeit Cooper Coins in Pre-Federal America HORACE FLAT Counterfeiting of the Bolivian Four Soles Coins KEITH DAVIGNON and BRADLEY S. KAROLEFF, NLG Circulating Counterfeit Capped Bust Half Dollars, 1807-1839 JOHN M. KLEEBERG Counterfeit 2 Reals of the Bust Type: Charles III, Charles IV, Ferdinand VII, 1771-1821; A Survey and Die Study JOHN P. LORENZO The Counterfeit Spanish Two Reals: Canadian Blacksmiths or North American Tokens RICHARD G. DOTY Adding Insult to Injury: Altered Notes of the Southern Bank of Georgia EMMET MCDONALD Nineteenth-Century Counterfeit Detection Devices ERIC P. NEWMAN Appendix 1: A Counterfeit's Arrest Proves the Circulation of Massachusetts Silver Shillings JOHN M. KLEEBERG Appendix 2: Flowing Hair and Draped Bust Counterfeit Half Dollars in the ANS Collection. ******************************************************* Powered by eBay Turbo Lister Place a Bid!